Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, 822-852 AD., Emir Abd ar-Rahman II, Fals, Frochoso I-2.

Spain, Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) (711-1492 AD.), the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba (AH 138-316 / 755-1030 AD.), Emir Abd ar-Rahman II (206-238 AH / 822-852 AD.), struck ca. 822-852 AD.,
Fals (Felús) (17-18 mm / 1,75 g), copper, axes irregular alignment ↑↘ (ca. 140°),
Obv.: لا اله الا / الله وحده / لا شرك له , ("There is no deity except / (the one) God alone / He has no equal") , three lines Arabic script, all within three dotted circles.
Rev.: محمد / رسول / الله , ("Muhammad is the messenger of God") , three lines Arabic script, all within three dotted circles.
R. Frochoso Sanchez, Los Feluses de al-Andalus, Madrid 2001, I-2 (rarity: very common) .

Abd ar-Rahman II (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الثاني‎) (788–852) was Umayyad Emir of Córdoba in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) from 822 until his death.
Abd ar-Rahman II was born in Toledo, the son of Emir Al-Hakam I. In his youth he took part in the so-called "massacre of the ditch", when from 700 to 5,000 people come to pay homage to the princes who were killed by order of Al-Hakam.
He succeeded his father as Emir of Córdoba in 822 and engaged in nearly continuous warfare against Alfonso II of Asturias, whose southward advance he halted (822–842). In 837, he suppressed a revolt of Christians and Jews in Toledo. He issued a decree by which the Christians were forbidden to seek martyrdom, and he had a Christian synod held to forbid martyrdom.
In 844, Abd ar-Rahman repulsed an assault by Vikings who had disembarked in Cadiz, conquered Seville (with the exception of its citadel) and attacked Córdoba itself. Thereafter he constructed a fleet and naval arsenal at Seville to repel future raids.
He responded to William of Septimania's requests of assistance in his struggle against Charles the Bald's nominations.
Abd ar-Rahman was famous for his public building program in Córdoba where he died in 852. He made additions to the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba. A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. He was also involved in the execution of the "Martyrs of Córdoba".