Abassid caliphs
The Umayyads lost the power through their bad government. A revolt in the east drove them out of Damascus and Baghdad of current notoriety became the urban light of the Muslim world. Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur was the second Abbasid Caliph. He reigned from 754 until 775. In 762 he founded as new imperial residence and palace city Madinat as-Salam, which became the core of the Imperial capital Baghdad. Baghdad was founded by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 762. Perhaps the most well known of the Abbasid caliphs was Harun Al-Rashid: notably just, figured in the "Arabian Nights," presented an elephant to Charlemagne.