Commodus, Rome mint, 177 AD.,
Æ Sestertius (30-31 mm / 24.74 g),
Obv.: IMP L AVREL COMMODVS - AVG GERM SARM , laureate, draped and ciurassed bust of the young Commodus right.
Rev.: TR P II C[OS P P] / S - C / DE SARMATIS in exergue, pile of arms: cuirass, shields of various shapes, spears, trumpets.
RIC 1577 ; C 96 .
The Sarmatians, who were first mentioned in classical literature by Herodotus, were a tribal group related to the Scythians. The continued to move westward, under pressure from Germanic tribes, and were initially defeated by Augustus and Nero. One of their main groups, the Iazyges, after being allies of Trajan in his Dacian campaigns, joined with the German Marcomanni in their wars against Marcus Aurelius. They were defeated but campaigns had to be fought against them in the later 3rd century and in the 4th. Constantine finally settled some within the Empire, others were absorbed by the more numerous Germans who surrounded them, and all the remainder were forced east towards the Caucasus. Marcus Aurelius had scored victories over the Sarmatians and the Germans, which he and his son celebrated on coinage struck mainly in 176-177.