Caracalla, Rome mint, 210 AD.,
Denarius (18-19 mm / 3.17 g),
Obv.: ANTONINVS - PIVS AVG BRIT , laureate head of Caracalla right.
Rev.: VICT-ORIAE BRIT , Victory advancing l., holding wreath and palm-branch.
RIC 231 ; Hill, Sept. Sev. 1142 ; BMC 105 ; C 632 .
The last campaign of the emperor Septimius Severus occurred on the northern border of Britain – far from Rome, and even further from his original home in North Africa; indeed, Severus would die there, at the military headquarters at York in February, 211, just as the emperor Constantius I ‘Chlorus’ would nearly a century later. Accompanying him on the campaign against the Caledonians were Severus’ wife Julia Domna and his two quarrelsome sons, Caracalla and Geta. The campaign perhaps had begun in 207, but was in full swing in 208 and continued until 211. It was led by Septimius and Caracalla, and when Septimius fell ill in the course of events, Caracalla took supreme command. Father and eldest son did not see eye-to-eye on all matters of stragegy, and we are told that at one point Caracalla became so incensed he appeared ready to stab his father in the back before the whole of the army. When Septimius died a natural death early in 211, Caracalla made peace with the Caledonians on less-than-favorable terms that required the Romans to withdraw to Hadrian’s Wall, which would serve as the border. Even though it had not been a total success, the British campaign had merited the presence of the Imperial family, and the consequent ‘victory’ was widely celebrated on coinage.
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