India, Mysore, 1792-93 AD., Tippu Sultan, Patan mint, ½ Paisa, KM 122.1.
India, Mysore, Tippu Sultan (1782-1799 AD.), Patan mint (present day Seringapatan), dated 1221 AM. (= 1792-93 AD.),
½ Paisa (Bahram) (18 mm / 5,46 g), copper, axes about medal alignment ↑↑ (ca. 160°),
Obv.: ١٢٢١ , elephant advancing left with uplifted tail; above the tail the Mauludi system year 1221; all in a double-lined circle with a row of dots.
Rev.: ... , legend in Urdu: "zarb / Patan" = struck at Patan; all in a double-lined circle with a row of dots.
KM 122.1 ; Henderson, "The coins of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan" Madras 1921 - http://www.archive.org/stream/coinsofhaidarali00henduoft/coinsofhaidarali00henduoft_djvu.txt .
Though the period of the Coinage of the Mysore Sultans, (Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan) lasted for a short period only (1772 AD - 1799 AD.), it produced a coinage which was marked by its variety and artistic merit.
Tipu adopted the elephant device of the Wodayar kings of Mysore for his copper coins. The copper coins were known by different names: Double Paisa (Usmani), Paisa (Zohra), half Paisa (Bahram), Quarter paisa (Akhtar) and the eight Paisa (Qutub). The word Mauludi was derived from ‘Maulud-i-Muhammad’ which is Arabic for ‘Birth of Muhammad’.
The invasion of Kerala by the Islamic Kingdom of Mysore began in 1763 when Haider Ali invaded Malabar and annexed the principalities of Chirakkal, Kottayam, Kadathanad, Kurumbranad and Calicut. After his reign, his son Tippu Sultan tried to conquer all of Kerala, but failed in doing so after the loss in Third Anglo-Mysore War. Tipu islamized the placenames. Therefore, Mangalapuri (Mangalore) was changed to Jalalabad, Cannanore (Kanwapuram) to Kusanabad, Bepur (Vaippura) to Sultanpatanam or Faruqui, Mysore to Nazarabad, Dharwar to Quarshed-Sawad, Gooty to Faiz-Hissar, Ratnagiri to Mustafabad, Dindigul to Khaliqabad, and Calicut (Kozhikode) to Islamabad. It was only after the death of Tipu Sultan that the local people reverted to old names.
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