41-42 AD, Claudius, Rome mint, Sestertius, RIC 99 var.
Claudius, Sestertius, Rome mint, late Jan. 41 and c. 10 Jan. 42 AD., countermarked 57 AD.,
Sestertius (ø 34-36 mm,25,75 g), brass, axis coin alignment ?? (ca. 180°),
Obv.: [TI CLAVDIV]S CAESAR AVG [P M TR P I]MP , laureate head of Claudius right
Rev.: SPES - [AVG]VSTA / [S] C in ex. , Spes, dr., advancing l., r. holding flower, l. raising skirt; behind, rectangular countermark: NCAPR (Werz 132.1/1).
BMC 124 ; Cohen 85 ; RIC 99 ; for countermark: NCAPR: Werz 132.1/2 .
For the obverse style cf. https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=3637836 https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=139390
The countermark on this coin, NCAPR (“NERONIS CAESARIS POPVLIQVE ROMANI“), is one of the most commonly encountered early Imperial countermarks, yet its significance was uncertain until just this year when examples found in the Neronian stratigraphic layers from the excavations of the Meta Sudans and the northeastern slope of the Palatine Hill in Rome indicate that it belongs to the congiarium of A.D. 57. For further information, see G. Pardini, "Due monete contromarcate NCAPR dallo scavo delle pendici nord-orientali del Palatino," RIN 110 (2009): 233-60.
NCAPR likely stands for Nero Caesar Augustus Populi Romani, applied possibly with a large congiarium (public distribution) of coinage circa 57 AD.
Curtis Clay on http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=89336.0 , June 27, 2013:
"In connection with my Num. Chronicle review of von Kaenel's Claudius, I undertook a comprehensive study of the coinage of that emperor, and reached the conclusion that von Kaenel was right, against Kraay, to date the appearance of P P on all of Claudius' bronze coins not to 50 AD (Kraay followed by RIC), but to Jan. 42.
Therefore Claudius' very large issue of sestertii and middle bronzes omitting P P must all have been struck between his accession in late Jan. 41 and c. 10 Jan. 42. It is evident that Claudius' three As types, LIBERTAS AVGVSTA, CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI, and Minerva fighting, were introduced together very soon after the beginning of the reign and were struck alongside each other first until the appearance of P P in Jan. 42, and then until the end of the P P issue probably in 43.
So there is no need for guesswork that Libertas is a very early type, probably introduced within a couple of weeks of the beginning of the reign; rather that is a very probable conclusion, supported by very strong evidence."
Kontakt 
![41-42 AD, Claudius, Rome mint, Sestertius, RIC 99 var.
Claudius, Sestertius, Rome mint, late Jan. 41 and c. 10 Jan. 42 AD., countermarked 57 AD.,
Sestertius (ø 34-36 mm,25,75 g), brass, axis coin alignment ?? (ca. 180°),
Obv.: [TI CLAVDIV]S CAESAR AVG [P M TR P I]MP , laureate head of Claudius right
Rev.: SPES - [AVG]VSTA / [S] C in ex. , Spes, dr., advancing l., r. holding flower, l. raising skirt; behind, rectangular countermark: NCAPR (Werz 132.1/1).
BMC 124 ; Cohen 85 ; RIC 99 ; for countermark: NCAPR: Werz 132.1/2 .
For the obverse style cf. https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=3637836 https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=139390
The countermark on this coin, NCAPR (“NERONIS CAESARIS POPVLIQVE ROMANI“), is one of the most commonly encountered early Imperial countermarks, yet its significance was uncertain until just this year when examples found in the Neronian stratigraphic layers from the excavations of the Meta Sudans and the northeastern slope of the Palatine Hill in Rome indicate that it belongs to the congiarium of A.D. 57. For further information, see G. Pardini, "Due monete contromarcate NCAPR dallo scavo delle pendici nord-orientali del Palatino," RIN 110 (2009): 233-60.
NCAPR likely stands for Nero Caesar Augustus Populi Romani, applied possibly with a large congiarium (public distribution) of coinage circa 57 AD.
Curtis Clay on http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=89336.0 , June 27, 2013:
"In connection with my Num. Chronicle review of von Kaenel's Claudius, I undertook a comprehensive study of the coinage of that emperor, and reached the conclusion that von Kaenel was right, against Kraay, to date the appearance of P P on all of Claudius' bronze coins not to 50 AD (Kraay followed by RIC), but to Jan. 42.
Therefore Claudius' very large issue of sestertii and middle bronzes omitting P P must all have been struck between his accession in late Jan. 41 and c. 10 Jan. 42. It is evident that Claudius' three As types, LIBERTAS AVGVSTA, CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI, and Minerva fighting, were introduced together very soon after the beginning of the reign and were struck alongside each other first until the appearance of P P in Jan. 42, and then until the end of the P P issue probably in 43.
So there is no need for guesswork that Libertas is a very early type, probably introduced within a couple of weeks of the beginning of the reign; rather that is a very probable conclusion, supported by very strong evidence."
Schlüsselwörter: Claudius Rome Sestertius Spes flower skirt countermark NCAPR](images/image.gif?id=1360805692797 "Klicken für Bild in voller Größe
==============
41-42 AD, Claudius, Rome mint, Sestertius, RIC 99 var.
Claudius, Sestertius, Rome mint, late Jan. 41 and c. 10 Jan. 42 AD., countermarked 57 AD.,
Sestertius (ø 34-36 mm,25,75 g), brass, axis coin alignment ?? (ca. 180°),
Obv.: [TI CLAVDIV]S CAESAR AVG [P M TR P I]MP , laureate head of Claudius right
Rev.: SPES - [AVG]VSTA / [S] C in ex. , Spes, dr., advancing l., r. holding flower, l. raising skirt; behind, rectangular countermark: NCAPR (Werz 132.1/1).
BMC 124 ; Cohen 85 ; RIC 99 ; for countermark: NCAPR: Werz 132.1/2 .
For the obverse style cf. https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=3637836 https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=139390
The countermark on this coin, NCAPR (“NERONIS CAESARIS POPVLIQVE ROMANI“), is one of the most commonly encountered early Imperial countermarks, yet its significance was uncertain until just this year when examples found in the Neronian stratigraphic layers from the excavations of the Meta Sudans and the northeastern slope of the Palatine Hill in Rome indicate that it belongs to the congiarium of A.D. 57. For further information, see G. Pardini, \"Due monete contromarcate NCAPR dallo scavo delle pendici nord-orientali del Palatino,\" RIN 110 (2009): 233-60.
NCAPR likely stands for Nero Caesar Augustus Populi Romani, applied possibly with a large congiarium (public distribution) of coinage circa 57 AD.
Curtis Clay on http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=89336.0 , June 27, 2013:
\"In connection with my Num. Chronicle review of von Kaenel's Claudius, I undertook a comprehensive study of the coinage of that emperor, and reached the conclusion that von Kaenel was right, against Kraay, to date the appearance of P P on all of Claudius' bronze coins not to 50 AD (Kraay followed by RIC), but to Jan. 42.
Therefore Claudius' very large issue of sestertii and middle bronzes omitting P P must all have been struck between his accession in late Jan. 41 and c. 10 Jan. 42. It is evident that Claudius' three As types, LIBERTAS AVGVSTA, CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI, and Minerva fighting, were introduced together very soon after the beginning of the reign and were struck alongside each other first until the appearance of P P in Jan. 42, and then until the end of the P P issue probably in 43.
So there is no need for guesswork that Libertas is a very early type, probably introduced within a couple of weeks of the beginning of the reign; rather that is a very probable conclusion, supported by very strong evidence.\"
Schlüsselwörter: Claudius Rome Sestertius Spes flower skirt countermark NCAPR")