1130-1138 AD., Italy, Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, Roger II as king, Mezzo Follaro, Spahr 78.
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Italy, Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, Roger II / Ruggero II (as king 1130-1154), Messina mint, no date, struck ca. 1130-1138 AD.,
Mezzo (half) Follaro (12-14 mm / 1,20 g), bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↘ (ca. 130°),
Obv.: P/O/ ΓE/PI/[O] - P/H/ Σ , ("Rogerio Rex") , Roger standing facing, holding sceptre in r. hand.
Rev.: + IC + XC + NI + KA , around cross potent in a linear circle.
Spahr 78 ; MIN 191 ; MEC 14, 179 .
Roger II (Mileto, Calabria 22 December 1095 – Palermo, Sicily 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, later became Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1127), then King of Sicily (1130). By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government.
By 999, Norman adventurers had come to southern Italy. By 1016, they were involved in the complex local politics where Lombards were fighting against the Byzantine Empire. These mercenaries fought the enemies of the Italian city-states, but in the following century they gradually became the rulers of the major polities south of Rome.
At the time of the birth of his youngest son, in 1095, Roger I ruled the County of Sicily, his nephew, Roger Borsa, was the Duke of Apulia and Calabria, and his great nephew, Richard II of Capua, was the Prince of Capua.
Alongside these three major rulers were a large number of minor counts, who effectively exercised sovereign power in their own localities. These counts at least nominally owed their allegiance to one of these three Norman rulers, but such allegiance was usually weak and often ignored.
When Roger I, Count of Sicily, died in 1101, his young son, Simon of Hauteville, became Count, with his mother Adelaide del Vasto as regent. Simon died four years later in 1105, at the age of 12. Adelaide continued as regent to her younger son Roger, who was just 9 years old.
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![1130-1138 AD., Italy, Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, Roger II as king, Mezzo Follaro, Spahr 78.
Italy, Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, Roger II / Ruggero II (as king 1130-1154), Messina mint, no date, struck ca. 1130-1138 AD.,
Mezzo (half) Follaro (12-14 mm / 1,20 g), bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↘ (ca. 130°),
Obv.: P/O/ ΓE/PI/[O] - P/H/ Σ , ("Rogerio Rex") , Roger standing facing, holding sceptre in r. hand.
Rev.: + IC + XC + NI + KA , around cross potent in a linear circle.
Spahr 78 ; MIN 191 ; MEC 14, 179 .
Roger II (Mileto, Calabria 22 December 1095 – Palermo, Sicily 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, later became Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1127), then King of Sicily (1130). By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government.
By 999, Norman adventurers had come to southern Italy. By 1016, they were involved in the complex local politics where Lombards were fighting against the Byzantine Empire. These mercenaries fought the enemies of the Italian city-states, but in the following century they gradually became the rulers of the major polities south of Rome.
At the time of the birth of his youngest son, in 1095, Roger I ruled the County of Sicily, his nephew, Roger Borsa, was the Duke of Apulia and Calabria, and his great nephew, Richard II of Capua, was the Prince of Capua.
Alongside these three major rulers were a large number of minor counts, who effectively exercised sovereign power in their own localities. These counts at least nominally owed their allegiance to one of these three Norman rulers, but such allegiance was usually weak and often ignored.
When Roger I, Count of Sicily, died in 1101, his young son, Simon of Hauteville, became Count, with his mother Adelaide del Vasto as regent. Simon died four years later in 1105, at the age of 12. Adelaide continued as regent to her younger son Roger, who was just 9 years old.
Schlüsselwörter: Italy Crusader Normans Sicily Roger Mezzo Follaro Messina Sceptre Cross Potent Circle](images/image.gif?id=211033409105 "Klicken für Bild in voller Größe
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1130-1138 AD., Italy, Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, Roger II as king, Mezzo Follaro, Spahr 78.
Italy, Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, Roger II / Ruggero II (as king 1130-1154), Messina mint, no date, struck ca. 1130-1138 AD.,
Mezzo (half) Follaro (12-14 mm / 1,20 g), bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↘ (ca. 130°),
Obv.: P/O/ ΓE/PI/[O] - P/H/ Σ , (\"Rogerio Rex\") , Roger standing facing, holding sceptre in r. hand.
Rev.: + IC + XC + NI + KA , around cross potent in a linear circle.
Spahr 78 ; MIN 191 ; MEC 14, 179 .
Roger II (Mileto, Calabria 22 December 1095 – Palermo, Sicily 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, later became Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1127), then King of Sicily (1130). By the time of his death at the age of 58, Roger had succeeded in uniting all the Norman conquests in Italy into one kingdom with a strong centralized government.
By 999, Norman adventurers had come to southern Italy. By 1016, they were involved in the complex local politics where Lombards were fighting against the Byzantine Empire. These mercenaries fought the enemies of the Italian city-states, but in the following century they gradually became the rulers of the major polities south of Rome.
At the time of the birth of his youngest son, in 1095, Roger I ruled the County of Sicily, his nephew, Roger Borsa, was the Duke of Apulia and Calabria, and his great nephew, Richard II of Capua, was the Prince of Capua.
Alongside these three major rulers were a large number of minor counts, who effectively exercised sovereign power in their own localities. These counts at least nominally owed their allegiance to one of these three Norman rulers, but such allegiance was usually weak and often ignored.
When Roger I, Count of Sicily, died in 1101, his young son, Simon of Hauteville, became Count, with his mother Adelaide del Vasto as regent. Simon died four years later in 1105, at the age of 12. Adelaide continued as regent to her younger son Roger, who was just 9 years old.
Schlüsselwörter: Italy Crusader Normans Sicily Roger Mezzo Follaro Messina Sceptre Cross Potent Circle")