98-100 AD., Trajan, Rome mint, As, RIC 402 or 417.
Trajan, Rome mint, 98-100 AD.,
As (ø 24-25 mm / 11,77 g), probalbly copper, axes coin alignment ↑↓ (ca. 180°),
Obv.: IMP CAES NER[VA TR]AIAN AVG GERM P M , (Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus Germanicus Pontifex Maximus), his laureate head facing right.
Rev.: TR POT - [COS (II or III ?) P P] / S - C , Victory flying l., holding palm branch in her l. hand, round shield (a clupeus) with S P / Q R in her r. hand; S - C across field.
RIC II, 402 or 417 .
Originally coins with a clupeus virtutis were struck in celebration of the Senate's award of the 'clupeus virtutis' of Augustus for the legions' success in Persia and Armenia.
Augustus was given an honorary shield called the clupeus virtutis, the shield of virtue, in 27 BC., a few years after Actium.
On the clupeus virtutis was inscribed the following (original lost, text taken from one of several copies):
SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS IMP CAESARI DIVI AUGUSTO COS VIII DEDIT CLUPEUM VIRTUTIS CLEMENTIAE IUSTITIAE PIETATIS ERGA DEOS PATRIAMQUE
"The senate and the Roman People dedicated to the emperor Augustus, son of the divine Caesar the shield for virtue, clemency, justice, and piety towards the gods and his native land".