Arminius Numismatics

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Galerie > Medieval to Contemporary > Asia > China > China in general
China, 1310-1311 AD., Yuan dynasty, emperor Wu Zong, 10 Cash, Hartill 19.46.
China, Yuan dynasty (1280-1368 AD.), emperor Wu Zong (Wuzong, Khaishan, Külüg Khan) (1308-1311), cast 1310-1311 AD., 
10 Cash (ø 40-41 mm / 24,14 g), cast brass, square 10-11 mm center hole, narrow rims var., 
Obv.: ꡈꡝ ꡝꡦꡦꡋ ꡉꡟꡃ ꡎꡓ     , “Ta Üen Tung Baw“ in Mongol Phags-Pa script – Chinese “da yuan tong bao“ (“大 – 元 – 通 – 宝“). 
Rev.: (plain) .
Hartill 19.46 (rarity level 10) ; FD. 1733 ; Sch. 1099. http://www.worldofcoins.eu/forum/index.php?topic=22114.0 . http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#yuan_dynasty . 

At the time it was cast, China was on the silver standard. However, there were no silver coins. There were silver ingots, but Peng notes further down that they could be used for payment only after exchanging them for silver certificates. Similarly, gold was a commodity and a store of value, not a circulating medium. There were actually silver certificates with the same denominations as the coins, but there is no attempt to calibrate their copper value against silver. Nevertheless, the silver certificates connect to the copper coins with a fixed rate of exchange as well as with a weight in silver, thereby making the coins worth a specific weight in silver: this coin was worth 1/100th ounce of silver. 
 
When Emperor Wu Zong (Khaishan) became the ruler in 1308, he almost emptied the national treasury by appointing his own relatives to official positions and by bestowing gifts.  In 1309 he tried to rectify the situation by issuing a new form of paper money called zhi da yin chao (至大银钞). 
During the period 1310-1311 Emperor Wu Zong also ordered the casting of bronze coins with the inscription zhi da yuan bao (至 大元宝) and zhi da tong bao (至大通宝).  The zhi da tong bao 1 cash coins are the most common Yuan Dynasty coins found today.  The 2 cash and 3 cash versions, however, are rare.
Also during the years 1310-1311 Emperor Wu Zong cast da yuan tong bao (大元通 宝) coins in both Chinese and Mongol (Phags-pa) script versions and in values of 1 cash and 10 cash.
Emperor Ren Zong (Ayurbarwada) took power in 1312 and proceeded to stop the production of bronze coins.  For about the next 40 years the government permitted only the circulation of paper currency although coins did continue to be used privately by the people.  A small quantity of small bronze coins were cast during this period but these coins are referred to as "temple coins" and were not intended to be used as currency. 

Külüg Khan (Mongolian: Hülüg Khaan, Хөлөг хаан, Külüg qaγan), born Khayishan (also spelled Khayisan, Mongolian: Хайсан, meaning "wall"), also known by the temple name Wuzong (Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元武宗; pinyin: Yuán Wǔzōng; Wade–Giles: Wu-Tsung) (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the seventh Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. His name means "warrior Khan or fine horse Khan" in the Mongolian language. Külüg Khan (Emperor Wuzong) came to the throne after the death of Temür Khan. Unlike his predecessor, he did not continue Kublai's work, largely rejecting his objectives. Most significantly he introduced a policy called "New Deals", focused on monetary reforms. During his short reign (1307–11), the government fell into financial difficulties, partly due to bad decisions made by Külüg. By the time he died, China was in severe debt and the Yuan court faced popular discontent.

More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty#K.C3.BCl.C3.BCg_Khan ,   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Külüg_Khan 
Schlüsselwörter: China Yuan dynasty Wu Zong Cash Khaishan Külüg Khan cast square center hole Mongol Phags-Pa script

China, 1310-1311 AD., Yuan dynasty, emperor Wu Zong, 10 Cash, Hartill 19.46.

China, Yuan dynasty (1280-1368 AD.), emperor Wu Zong (Wuzong, Khaishan, Külüg Khan) (1308-1311), cast 1310-1311 AD.,
10 Cash (ø 40-41 mm / 24,14 g), cast brass, square 10-11 mm center hole, narrow rims var.,
Obv.: ꡈꡝ ꡝꡦꡦꡋ ꡉꡟꡃ ꡎꡓ , “Ta Üen Tung Baw“ in Mongol Phags-Pa script – Chinese “da yuan tong bao“ (“大 – 元 – 通 – 宝“).
Rev.: (plain) .
Hartill 19.46 (rarity level 10) ; FD. 1733 ; Sch. 1099. http://www.worldofcoins.eu/forum/index.php?topic=22114.0 . http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#yuan_dynasty .

At the time it was cast, China was on the silver standard. However, there were no silver coins. There were silver ingots, but Peng notes further down that they could be used for payment only after exchanging them for silver certificates. Similarly, gold was a commodity and a store of value, not a circulating medium. There were actually silver certificates with the same denominations as the coins, but there is no attempt to calibrate their copper value against silver. Nevertheless, the silver certificates connect to the copper coins with a fixed rate of exchange as well as with a weight in silver, thereby making the coins worth a specific weight in silver: this coin was worth 1/100th ounce of silver.

When Emperor Wu Zong (Khaishan) became the ruler in 1308, he almost emptied the national treasury by appointing his own relatives to official positions and by bestowing gifts. In 1309 he tried to rectify the situation by issuing a new form of paper money called zhi da yin chao (至大银钞).
During the period 1310-1311 Emperor Wu Zong also ordered the casting of bronze coins with the inscription zhi da yuan bao (至 大元宝) and zhi da tong bao (至大通宝). The zhi da tong bao 1 cash coins are the most common Yuan Dynasty coins found today. The 2 cash and 3 cash versions, however, are rare.
Also during the years 1310-1311 Emperor Wu Zong cast da yuan tong bao (大元通 宝) coins in both Chinese and Mongol (Phags-pa) script versions and in values of 1 cash and 10 cash.
Emperor Ren Zong (Ayurbarwada) took power in 1312 and proceeded to stop the production of bronze coins. For about the next 40 years the government permitted only the circulation of paper currency although coins did continue to be used privately by the people. A small quantity of small bronze coins were cast during this period but these coins are referred to as "temple coins" and were not intended to be used as currency.

Külüg Khan (Mongolian: Hülüg Khaan, Хөлөг хаан, Külüg qaγan), born Khayishan (also spelled Khayisan, Mongolian: Хайсан, meaning "wall"), also known by the temple name Wuzong (Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元武宗; pinyin: Yuán Wǔzōng; Wade–Giles: Wu-Tsung) (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the seventh Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. His name means "warrior Khan or fine horse Khan" in the Mongolian language. Külüg Khan (Emperor Wuzong) came to the throne after the death of Temür Khan. Unlike his predecessor, he did not continue Kublai's work, largely rejecting his objectives. Most significantly he introduced a policy called "New Deals", focused on monetary reforms. During his short reign (1307–11), the government fell into financial difficulties, partly due to bad decisions made by Külüg. By the time he died, China was in severe debt and the Yuan court faced popular discontent.

More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty#K.C3.BCl.C3.BCg_Khan , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Külüg_Khan

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Dateiname:ChinAmu2st.jpg
Name des Albums:Arminius / China in general
Schlüsselwörter:China / Yuan / dynasty / Wu / Zong / Cash / Khaishan / Külüg / Khan / cast / square / center / hole / Mongol / Phags-Pa / script
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Hinzugefügt am:%14. %953 %2017
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